A study of the sulfur problem in Mary Rose timbers using X ray technique
This thesis reports a study of the sulfur problem which is the production of sulfuric acid via the oxidation of iron sulfide in the timbers of the Mary Rose a flagship of Henry VIII 's navy which sunk in 1535 and was raised in 1982. The work has involved a range of chemical and physical techniques with particular use of synchrotron sources to measure the iron and sulfur speciation in the timbers with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements. XAS measurements are almost unique in providing the speciation of atoms in a sample via the XANES. They are particularly useful for sulfur, which has a wide range of oxidation states. However, the current work has shown the need to use the bulk and microfocus XAS measurements in parallel, particularly for archaeological samples. It is clear that the iron and sulfur contents and speciation can vary widely from sample to sample of the Mary Rose timbers. In the study on the effectiveness of chelating agents in the removal of iron species from the timbers care was taken, wherever possible, to ensure that the same samples and sample positions were used for the before and after treatment measurements. The nature of the iron and su~ur species is of extreme importance
Berko, Aaron
A study of the sulfur problem in Mary Rose timbers using X ray technique. This thesis reports a study of the sulfur problem which is the production of sulfuric acid via the oxidation of iron sulfide in the timbers of the Mary Rose a flagship of Henry VIII 's navy which sunk in 1535 and was raised in 1982. The work has involved a range of chemical and physical techniques with particular use of synchrotron sources to measure the iron and sulfur speciation in the timbers with X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements. XAS measurements are almost unique in providing the speciation of atoms in a sample via the XANES. They are particularly useful for sulfur, which has a wide range of oxidation states. However, the current work has shown the need to use the bulk and microfocus XAS measurements in parallel, particularly for archaeological samples. It is clear that the iron and sulfur contents and speciation can vary widely from sample to sample of the Mary Rose timbers. In the study on the effectiveness of chelating agents in the removal of iron species from the timbers care was taken, wherever possible, to ensure that the same samples and sample positions were used for the before and after treatment measurements. The nature of the iron and su~ur species is of extreme importance
study problem mary timber use technique report study problem production via oxidation iron timber mary henry_viii navy raise work involve range chemical physical technique particular use source measure iron timber x_ray absorption spectroscopy measurement measurement almost unique provide atom sample via particularly useful wide_range oxidation state however current work show need use bulk measurement parallel particularly archaeological sample clear iron content vary widely sample sample mary timber study effectiveness agent removal iron specie timber care take wherever_possible ensure sample sample position use treatment measurement nature iron specie extreme importance