The relationships of the later Miocene Hominoidea
Metrical methods for describing the variance in extant hominoids are applied to phenetic groupings of later Miocene hominoids in order to produce palaeospecies whose variance is compatible with that seen in living hominoids. Enamel thickness measurements are presented for samples of living and fossil hominoids. An index of relative enamel thickness scaled for size has been developed and this defined four categories of relative enamel thickness metrically: Thin enamel (mean values of relative enamel thickness between 8.90 and 11.30), intermediate/ thin enamel (mean values between 11.30 and 14.65), intermediate/ thick enamel (mean values between 14.65 and 17.25), and thick enamel (mean values between 17.70 and 26.20). Thin enamel has been found in Pan, Gorilla and Hylobates; intermediate/thick enamel is found in Pongo; and thick enamel is found in Homo. Thick enamel is also found in Sivapithecus (17.73 - 21.69). The distribution of enamel prism packing patterns at different depths in hominoid enamel show that Homo, Hylobates and Sivapithecus have almost entirely Pattern 3 enamel. Pongo has an outer thickness (less than 25%) of Pattern 1 enamel, and Pan and Gorilla have an outer (40%) thickness of Pattern 1 enamel
Martin, Lawrence Bernard
Archaeology
The relationships of the later Miocene Hominoidea. Metrical methods for describing the variance in extant hominoids are applied to phenetic groupings of later Miocene hominoids in order to produce palaeospecies whose variance is compatible with that seen in living hominoids. Enamel thickness measurements are presented for samples of living and fossil hominoids. An index of relative enamel thickness scaled for size has been developed and this defined four categories of relative enamel thickness metrically: Thin enamel (mean values of relative enamel thickness between 8.90 and 11.30), intermediate/ thin enamel (mean values between 11.30 and 14.65), intermediate/ thick enamel (mean values between 14.65 and 17.25), and thick enamel (mean values between 17.70 and 26.20). Thin enamel has been found in Pan, Gorilla and Hylobates; intermediate/thick enamel is found in Pongo; and thick enamel is found in Homo. Thick enamel is also found in Sivapithecus (17.73 - 21.69). The distribution of enamel prism packing patterns at different depths in hominoid enamel show that Homo, Hylobates and Sivapithecus have almost entirely Pattern 3 enamel. Pongo has an outer thickness (less than 25%) of Pattern 1 enamel, and Pan and Gorilla have an outer (40%) thickness of Pattern 1 enamel
relationship metrical method describe variance extant apply grouping order_produce whose variance compatible see live enamel thickness measurement present sample live fossil index relative enamel thickness scale size develop define four_category relative enamel thickness thin enamel mean_value relative enamel thickness intermediate thin enamel mean_value intermediate thick enamel mean_value thick enamel mean_value thin enamel find pan intermediate thick enamel find thick enamel find homo thick enamel also_find distribution enamel prism pack pattern different depth enamel show homo almost_entirely pattern enamel outer thickness less pattern enamel pan outer thickness pattern enamel