The economy and archaeology of European-made glass beads and manufactured goods used in first contact situations in Oregon, California and Washington
This thesis examines the role played by European-made glass beads and other manufactured goods in first contact of Europeans with Native American Indian populations in Oregon, California and Washington. Utilising both the historical and archaeological record, the activities of the Spanish in Alta California, the Russians in Northern California, the Lewis and Clark expedition and the Pacific Northwest Coast companies are examined, highlighting their use of beads in gift giving and exchange with the Indians. The sources of the large volume of glass beads are presented and their method of manufacture discussed. The way In which different European nationalities and organisations progressed geographically and in the intensity of their interactions with the native populations is reflected in the archaeological assemblages, whilst processes of exchange and the use of trinkets such as beads in subjugation and pacification are clarified by study of the historical sources. Different European groups used such materials through the mission system, by pacification of groups to ensure access and safe passage and by the fur companies use of the beads as items of exchange for pelts of otters and other animals. The native
Crull, Donald Scott
Native American Indians; Trade
The economy and archaeology of European-made glass beads and manufactured goods used in first contact situations in Oregon, California and Washington. This thesis examines the role played by European-made glass beads and other manufactured goods in first contact of Europeans with Native American Indian populations in Oregon, California and Washington. Utilising both the historical and archaeological record, the activities of the Spanish in Alta California, the Russians in Northern California, the Lewis and Clark expedition and the Pacific Northwest Coast companies are examined, highlighting their use of beads in gift giving and exchange with the Indians. The sources of the large volume of glass beads are presented and their method of manufacture discussed. The way In which different European nationalities and organisations progressed geographically and in the intensity of their interactions with the native populations is reflected in the archaeological assemblages, whilst processes of exchange and the use of trinkets such as beads in subjugation and pacification are clarified by study of the historical sources. Different European groups used such materials through the mission system, by pacification of groups to ensure access and safe passage and by the fur companies use of the beads as items of exchange for pelts of otters and other animals. The native
economy archaeology european made glass_bead manufacture good use first contact_situation california washington examines_role play european made glass_bead manufacture good first contact europeans native american indian population california washington utilising historical_archaeological record activity spanish california russians northern california lewis clark expedition northwest coast company examine highlight use bead gift give exchange indians source large_volume glass_bead present method_manufacture discuss way different european nationality organisation progress geographically intensity interaction native_population reflect archaeological_assemblage whilst process exchange use bead clarify study historical_source different european group use material mission system group ensure access safe passage fur company use bead item exchange animal native