The reaction of Reformation scholars in the Islamic-Arab culture to the effects of European thought
This thesis represents an attempt to examine, through selected materials, the reactions of Arab scholars to the problem of Western modernity upon the Arabic-speaking world. This impact was, of course, not uniform in every area of this world, or in every sphere of its activities. This thesis is concerned primarily with political reactions and only secondarily with others, religious, social or cultural. From the first half of the nineteenth century, Arab scholars were faced with a situation similar to that faced by their predecessors in the period from the ninth to the twelfth centuries. At that time the cultural influences that they confronted were diffuse, from Greece, from Persia and from India, and they arrived in a comparatively leisurely manner. Now they were concentrated, and the means by which they arrived were abrupt; confrontation was direct, with Westerners who appeared in the name of military intervention, or missionary or commercial activity. From that time onwards, there was hardly a thinker of note, in any field of intellectual activity, who had not received a Western-orientated education, without the influence of western culture, which brought with it a distaste for traditional institutions,
Eter, Khodr Mohammed Amine
History
The reaction of Reformation scholars in the Islamic-Arab culture to the effects of European thought. This thesis represents an attempt to examine, through selected materials, the reactions of Arab scholars to the problem of Western modernity upon the Arabic-speaking world. This impact was, of course, not uniform in every area of this world, or in every sphere of its activities. This thesis is concerned primarily with political reactions and only secondarily with others, religious, social or cultural. From the first half of the nineteenth century, Arab scholars were faced with a situation similar to that faced by their predecessors in the period from the ninth to the twelfth centuries. At that time the cultural influences that they confronted were diffuse, from Greece, from Persia and from India, and they arrived in a comparatively leisurely manner. Now they were concentrated, and the means by which they arrived were abrupt; confrontation was direct, with Westerners who appeared in the name of military intervention, or missionary or commercial activity. From that time onwards, there was hardly a thinker of note, in any field of intellectual activity, who had not received a Western-orientated education, without the influence of western culture, which brought with it a distaste for traditional institutions,
reaction reformation scholars islamic arab culture effect european thought represent_attempt examine select material reaction arab scholar problem western modernity upon arabic_speaking world impact course uniform every area world every sphere activity concerned primarily political reaction secondarily others religious social_cultural arab scholars face situation similar face predecessor period_time cultural influence confront diffuse greece persia india arrive comparatively manner concentrate mean abrupt confrontation direct appear name military_intervention missionary commercial_activity time onwards hardly thinker note field intellectual_activity receive western orientated education without influence western_culture bring traditional institution