Diachronic changes in iron and steel production and cultural transitions in Central Anatolia, 1650-550 BC, in light of a new archaeometallurgical investigation of iron and steel objects at Kaman-KalehoÌyuÌk
This doctoral thesis assessed the development of iron and steel technology in Central Anatolia from the Late Bronze through the Early Iron to the Middle Iron Age, ca. 1650-550 BC. By means of multidisciplinary analyses of new assemblage of iron and steel objects excavated at Kaman-KalehoÌyuÌk, at least two technological stages were confirmed in the Middle Iron Age after a period of discontinuity of iron technology around ca. 1200 BC. These technological stages were chronologically coincident with the cultural phase already confirmed by intensive ceramic investigations. Such synchronicity between iron and ceramic traditions indicated a dynamic socio-cultural change occurred in the end of ninth century BC. Through this project, iron and steel with reference to concrete archaeological and chronological contexts made it possible to discuss not only technological but also further archaeological issues before/after the collapse of the Hittite.
Masubuchi, M.
Diachronic changes in iron and steel production and cultural transitions in Central Anatolia, 1650-550 BC, in light of a new archaeometallurgical investigation of iron and steel objects at Kaman-KalehoÌyuÌk. This doctoral thesis assessed the development of iron and steel technology in Central Anatolia from the Late Bronze through the Early Iron to the Middle Iron Age, ca. 1650-550 BC. By means of multidisciplinary analyses of new assemblage of iron and steel objects excavated at Kaman-KalehoÌyuÌk, at least two technological stages were confirmed in the Middle Iron Age after a period of discontinuity of iron technology around ca. 1200 BC. These technological stages were chronologically coincident with the cultural phase already confirmed by intensive ceramic investigations. Such synchronicity between iron and ceramic traditions indicated a dynamic socio-cultural change occurred in the end of ninth century BC. Through this project, iron and steel with reference to concrete archaeological and chronological contexts made it possible to discuss not only technological but also further archaeological issues before/after the collapse of the Hittite.
diachronic_change iron_steel production cultural_transition central_anatolia light_new archaeometallurgical investigation iron_steel object doctoral assess development iron_steel technology central_anatolia late_bronze_early_iron middle_iron_age mean multidisciplinary analysis new assemblage iron_steel object excavate least_two technological stage confirm middle_iron_age period discontinuity iron technology around technological stage chronologically coincident cultural phase already confirm intensive ceramic investigation iron ceramic tradition indicate dynamic socio_cultural change_occur project iron_steel reference concrete archaeological chronological_context make_possible discuss technological also archaeological issue before after collapse hittite