The trade and production of garum and its role in the provincial economy of Hispania Tarraconensis
Fish has formed an important component of man's diet since the Neolithic and considerable emphasis was placed upon the acquisition of fresh fish by the Roman aristocracy. However the increased demands created by the establishment of urbanism in the Phoenician colonies of S. Spain in the Eighth Century BC necessitated the adoption of preservative methods, namely the use of salt. Salted fish and fish sauces seem to have been a ubiquituous feature of the ancient diet being traded by the Phoenicians but becoming particularly important following the Greek penetration of the Peninsula in the Sixth Century BC. Production centred in Andalucia and seems to have survived the Roman conquest. Increased investment by Italian aristocrats led to the creation of Romanised villae in Cataluna which by the mid First Century BC engaged in the production of wine. By the Augustan period, however, Tarraconensian exports increased with the opening up of the annona militaris and the city of Rome. Although wine was the principal recipient, fish sauce seems to have been carried as a secondary commodity. The interrelationship between fish sauce and other produce is seen also in its inclusion within the villa economy. Production seems
Lowe, Benedict James
The trade and production of garum and its role in the provincial economy of Hispania Tarraconensis. Fish has formed an important component of man's diet since the Neolithic and considerable emphasis was placed upon the acquisition of fresh fish by the Roman aristocracy. However the increased demands created by the establishment of urbanism in the Phoenician colonies of S. Spain in the Eighth Century BC necessitated the adoption of preservative methods, namely the use of salt. Salted fish and fish sauces seem to have been a ubiquituous feature of the ancient diet being traded by the Phoenicians but becoming particularly important following the Greek penetration of the Peninsula in the Sixth Century BC. Production centred in Andalucia and seems to have survived the Roman conquest. Increased investment by Italian aristocrats led to the creation of Romanised villae in Cataluna which by the mid First Century BC engaged in the production of wine. By the Augustan period, however, Tarraconensian exports increased with the opening up of the annona militaris and the city of Rome. Although wine was the principal recipient, fish sauce seems to have been carried as a secondary commodity. The interrelationship between fish sauce and other produce is seen also in its inclusion within the villa economy. Production seems
trade production role provincial economy fish form important_component man diet since neolithic considerable emphasis_place upon acquisition fresh fish roman aristocracy however increase_demand create establishment urbanism phoenician colony spain eighth century necessitate adoption preservative method namely use salt fish fish seem feature ancient diet trade phoenicians become particularly_important follow greek penetration peninsula production_centre seem survive roman_conquest increased investment italian aristocrat lead_creation romanised engage production wine augustan period however export increase open city_rome although wine principal recipient fish seem carry secondary commodity interrelationship fish produce see also inclusion within villa economy production seem