The municipal park : design and development, circa 1840-1880
The aim of this study is to identify the main factors contributing to the development of the municipal park in England, and to relate them to park design and use. Official recognition of the need for parks dated from 1833 and focussed on the needs of the working classes in the largest urban centres. An analysis of park development established the various forms of public park, the main modes of park acquisition and their geographical distribution. In the period between 1845 and 1860 parks were developed mainly in the industrial centres of the north-west. Subsequently, this broadened to include resorts and smaller towns. Manchester was the first of the industrial centres to establish municipal parks. Other important early parks were established in Birkenhead and London (Victoria Park). The processes whereby these parks were established, and their design and use, illustrated the preferences of those in authority and showed that parka were seen not only in physical terms but also in social and political terms. The ways in which the ~problem~ of working class recreation was identified affected parks. They provided an alternative to the public house, and had an educational role to play. The type of meeting permitted,
Conway, H.
History
The municipal park : design and development, circa 1840-1880. The aim of this study is to identify the main factors contributing to the development of the municipal park in England, and to relate them to park design and use. Official recognition of the need for parks dated from 1833 and focussed on the needs of the working classes in the largest urban centres. An analysis of park development established the various forms of public park, the main modes of park acquisition and their geographical distribution. In the period between 1845 and 1860 parks were developed mainly in the industrial centres of the north-west. Subsequently, this broadened to include resorts and smaller towns. Manchester was the first of the industrial centres to establish municipal parks. Other important early parks were established in Birkenhead and London (Victoria Park). The processes whereby these parks were established, and their design and use, illustrated the preferences of those in authority and showed that parka were seen not only in physical terms but also in social and political terms. The ways in which the ~problem~ of working class recreation was identified affected parks. They provided an alternative to the public house, and had an educational role to play. The type of meeting permitted,
municipal park design development circa aim_study identify main factor_contribute development municipal park england relate park design use official recognition_need park dated focus need work_class large_urban centre analysis park development establish various_form public park main mode park acquisition geographical_distribution period park develop mainly industrial centre north_west subsequently broaden include resort small_town manchester first industrial centre establish municipal park important early park establish london park process_whereby park establish design use_illustrate preference authority show see physical term also social_political term way problem work_class recreation identify affected park provide_alternative public house educational role_play type meeting permit