An historical study of the impact of political power and ideology on art education in Portuguese elementary and secondary schools from 1761 to 1974
This research, based mainly on the analysis of primary sources, sets out to investigate and explain relationships between political power and ideology, and art education in Portuguese elementary and secondary schools, in their historical context. The following key turning points have been identified: 1895: Moniz' secondary education reforms substituted 'fine art' principles for existing utilitarian principles based on the' values of an industrial society, in the drawing syllabus; 1918: during the Republican period, observational drawing began to replace the copying of pictures in elementary schools; 1947: 'expressive' activities were first included in the syllabus; 1970: the first edition of 'Caderno do Professor' was published. An analysis of the evidence reveals that there were times in Portuguese history when the impact of political power influenced the changes in the teaching of drawing/art, notably during the industrial revolution and later, in the twentieth century, under Salazar's rule. Influences ora socio-economic nature and of educational theory had a greater impact on the content and direction of the art curriculum than those of an openly and explicit political or ideological nature, although it
Figueiredo da Silva Melo, Jose Manuel
History
An historical study of the impact of political power and ideology on art education in Portuguese elementary and secondary schools from 1761 to 1974. This research, based mainly on the analysis of primary sources, sets out to investigate and explain relationships between political power and ideology, and art education in Portuguese elementary and secondary schools, in their historical context. The following key turning points have been identified: 1895: Moniz' secondary education reforms substituted 'fine art' principles for existing utilitarian principles based on the' values of an industrial society, in the drawing syllabus; 1918: during the Republican period, observational drawing began to replace the copying of pictures in elementary schools; 1947: 'expressive' activities were first included in the syllabus; 1970: the first edition of 'Caderno do Professor' was published. An analysis of the evidence reveals that there were times in Portuguese history when the impact of political power influenced the changes in the teaching of drawing/art, notably during the industrial revolution and later, in the twentieth century, under Salazar's rule. Influences ora socio-economic nature and of educational theory had a greater impact on the content and direction of the art curriculum than those of an openly and explicit political or ideological nature, although it
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