The late Qing Xinzheng (new policies) reforms in Mongolia, 1901-1911
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the nature, imposition and effects of the late Qing xinzheng reforms in Mongolia, and to analyze the episode from its historical roots till the dynasty's demise in 1911. Put simply, xinzheng was a modernization drive implemented throughout the Qing empire in order to save the dynasty from irreversible decline and, to a certain extent, to emulate the astounding success of the Meiji reforms in neighbouring Japan. For the purpose of this thesis, the analysis has been subdivided into the categories of agrarian policy, administrative reform, training of new armies, establishment of modern schools, introduction of new enterprises, exploitation of natural resources, construction of railways, and establishment of postal and telegram services. The xinzheng were very much the product of macro-historical forces, such as the weakening of the Qing empire since the mid-nineteenth century, the presence of imperialist powers on China's soil, and the relative rise of Han Chinese officials and decline of Mongolian nobility in late Qing politics. The reforms not only failed to save the Qing empire, but they further intensified the inter-ethnic tensions between Han, Manchus and Mongols. Coupled
Yee, Ki Yip
The late Qing Xinzheng (new policies) reforms in Mongolia, 1901-1911. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the nature, imposition and effects of the late Qing xinzheng reforms in Mongolia, and to analyze the episode from its historical roots till the dynasty's demise in 1911. Put simply, xinzheng was a modernization drive implemented throughout the Qing empire in order to save the dynasty from irreversible decline and, to a certain extent, to emulate the astounding success of the Meiji reforms in neighbouring Japan. For the purpose of this thesis, the analysis has been subdivided into the categories of agrarian policy, administrative reform, training of new armies, establishment of modern schools, introduction of new enterprises, exploitation of natural resources, construction of railways, and establishment of postal and telegram services. The xinzheng were very much the product of macro-historical forces, such as the weakening of the Qing empire since the mid-nineteenth century, the presence of imperialist powers on China's soil, and the relative rise of Han Chinese officials and decline of Mongolian nobility in late Qing politics. The reforms not only failed to save the Qing empire, but they further intensified the inter-ethnic tensions between Han, Manchus and Mongols. Coupled
late qing new policy reform aim_analyse nature imposition effect late qing reform analyze episode historical root till dynasty demise put simply modernization drive implement throughout qing empire order save dynasty decline certain_extent emulate success reform neighbour japan purpose analysis subdivide category agrarian policy administrative reform train new army establishment modern school introduction_new enterprise exploitation natural_resource construction railway establishment postal service much product macro historical force weaken qing empire since presence imperialist power china soil relative rise han_chinese official decline mongolian nobility late qing politics reform fail save qing empire intensify inter ethnic tension han coupled