The zone of international administration of Tangier (1923-1935)
The zone of international administration of Tangier represented one of the last examples of a particular form of internationalised control over strategically and couuuercially important territories. The city and hinterland of Tangier came to form a separate administrative entity within a broader series of international treaties which brought Morocco under French and Spanish protection in 1912. This thesis examines the origins and evolution of the diplomatic negotiations which led to the signature of the Statute of Tangier of 1923, its constitutional basis and its implementation over the twelve years for which it was initially valid. The main argument of the thesis is that as a compromise agreement designed to satisfy the diplomatic and commercial interests of the main signatories of the Statute (France, Spain and Great Britain), the practical application of the Statute was not assured of success. As an international instrument it failed to satisfy the theoretical assumptions underlying similar ~internationalised~ agreements in assuring equal access to the benefits and control of the zone it created. As a constitutional arrangement, it attributed more rights to those powers - and especially France - which enjoyed
Spencer, Claire
Morocco; Territories; League of Nations
The zone of international administration of Tangier (1923-1935). The zone of international administration of Tangier represented one of the last examples of a particular form of internationalised control over strategically and couuuercially important territories. The city and hinterland of Tangier came to form a separate administrative entity within a broader series of international treaties which brought Morocco under French and Spanish protection in 1912. This thesis examines the origins and evolution of the diplomatic negotiations which led to the signature of the Statute of Tangier of 1923, its constitutional basis and its implementation over the twelve years for which it was initially valid. The main argument of the thesis is that as a compromise agreement designed to satisfy the diplomatic and commercial interests of the main signatories of the Statute (France, Spain and Great Britain), the practical application of the Statute was not assured of success. As an international instrument it failed to satisfy the theoretical assumptions underlying similar ~internationalised~ agreements in assuring equal access to the benefits and control of the zone it created. As a constitutional arrangement, it attributed more rights to those powers - and especially France - which enjoyed
zone international administration zone international administration represent last examples particular_form control strategically important territory city hinterland come form separate administrative entity within_broad series international treaty bring morocco french spanish protection examines_origin evolution diplomatic negotiation lead signature statute constitutional basis implementation initially valid main_argument compromise agreement design satisfy diplomatic commercial_interest main statute france spain great_britain practical_application statute assure success international instrument fail satisfy theoretical_assumption underlie similar agreement assure equal access benefit control zone create constitutional arrangement attribute right power especially france enjoy