A culture-sensitive taxonomy of response tokens : moving from listnership to speakership
This thesis compares conversations between British tutors and British students, and conversations between British tutors and Japanese students, in English in order to investigate differences and similarities in their listenership behaviour in relation to the use of response tokens in the context of academic supervision sessions. A new method for conversation analysis to synthesise visual data with verbal data on timeline has been established. The concept of leadtime, which is a time scale to measure a distance between a point where a particular response token is uttered to a point where a turn transition occurs, has been introduced to implement the research method. Approaches in conversation analysis, roles of context, and intercultural communication are reviewed in this thesis. In addition, participants' assumptions of framing and turn-taking structure in conversation and self-expressions in listenership with reflection of their cultural values in interlanguage settings have been taken into consideration. The results from the preliminary research are summarised as follows: 1. Similarities in use of strategies for framework shifts, such as increase and decrease of response tokens before floor-taking, and multi-functional
Tsuchiya, Keiko
P Philology. Linguistics
A culture-sensitive taxonomy of response tokens : moving from listnership to speakership. This thesis compares conversations between British tutors and British students, and conversations between British tutors and Japanese students, in English in order to investigate differences and similarities in their listenership behaviour in relation to the use of response tokens in the context of academic supervision sessions. A new method for conversation analysis to synthesise visual data with verbal data on timeline has been established. The concept of leadtime, which is a time scale to measure a distance between a point where a particular response token is uttered to a point where a turn transition occurs, has been introduced to implement the research method. Approaches in conversation analysis, roles of context, and intercultural communication are reviewed in this thesis. In addition, participants' assumptions of framing and turn-taking structure in conversation and self-expressions in listenership with reflection of their cultural values in interlanguage settings have been taken into consideration. The results from the preliminary research are summarised as follows: 1. Similarities in use of strategies for framework shifts, such as increase and decrease of response tokens before floor-taking, and multi-functional
culture sensitive taxonomy response token move compare conversation british tutor british student conversation british tutor japanese_student english order_investigate difference_similarity behaviour relation use response token context academic supervision session new_method conversation_analysis synthesise visual data verbal data establish concept time scale measure distance point particular response token point turn transition occur introduce implement method approaches conversation_analysis role context intercultural_communication review thesis addition participant assumption frame turn_taking structure conversation self expression reflection cultural_value interlanguage setting take_consideration preliminary summarise follow similarities use strategy framework shift increase decrease response tokens floor taking multi functional