Variation in the educated spoken Arabic of Iraq : a sociolinguistic study
In this sociolinguistic study an attempt is made to relate different levels of use of variant features of Educated Spoken Arabic (ESA) of Iraq to speakers' attitudes, and to link these variables with sex and regional differences in a group of informants. The informants are a number of educated Iraqis who are available in the U. K. In the study of language attitude the methods used involved a questionnaire on attitudes and an analysis of subjects' reaction to samples of ESA containing the variant features to be studied which used semantic differential technique. Factor analysis was adopted as a data analysis device. In the attitude study a presentation of the attitudes of the informants towards different regional speech styles, of Iraq, was provided. The study showed significant differences between the attitudes of the male and the female informants as well as among the informants who belong to the three regions of Iraq. The second part of the study investigated the distribution of chosen phonological variables. The effect of the sex and the region of the speakers on their choice of standard / stigmatized (colloquial) variants was studied. The methodology adopted in this part involved recordings of unprepared
Abdul-Hassan, Raad Shakir
Arabic language in Iraq
Variation in the educated spoken Arabic of Iraq : a sociolinguistic study. In this sociolinguistic study an attempt is made to relate different levels of use of variant features of Educated Spoken Arabic (ESA) of Iraq to speakers' attitudes, and to link these variables with sex and regional differences in a group of informants. The informants are a number of educated Iraqis who are available in the U. K. In the study of language attitude the methods used involved a questionnaire on attitudes and an analysis of subjects' reaction to samples of ESA containing the variant features to be studied which used semantic differential technique. Factor analysis was adopted as a data analysis device. In the attitude study a presentation of the attitudes of the informants towards different regional speech styles, of Iraq, was provided. The study showed significant differences between the attitudes of the male and the female informants as well as among the informants who belong to the three regions of Iraq. The second part of the study investigated the distribution of chosen phonological variables. The effect of the sex and the region of the speakers on their choice of standard / stigmatized (colloquial) variants was studied. The methodology adopted in this part involved recordings of unprepared
variation educate spoken arabic iraq sociolinguistic_study sociolinguistic_study attempt_make relate_different level use variant feature educated spoken arabic iraq speaker attitude link variable sex regional_difference group informant informant number educate available study language_attitude method_use involved questionnaire attitude analysis subject reaction sample contain variant feature study used semantic differential technique factor analysis adopt data_analysis device attitude study presentation attitude towards different regional speech style iraq provide study_show significant_difference attitude male_female informant well among informant belong region iraq second_part study investigated distribution choose phonological_variable effect sex region speaker_choice standard colloquial variant study adopt part involve recording